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Yl  f ■ Volume  12 


OCTOBER  1915 


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BULLETIN 


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Number  4 


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OF  THE 


Mississippi  Agricultural 
and  Mechanical  College 


Nursery  Inspection  In  Mississippi 


AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE, 
MISSISSIPPI 


Published  by  the  Mississippi  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  Col- 
lege. Issued  Quarterly. 

Entered  February  16,  1904,  at  Agricultural  College,  Miss.,  as 
Second  Class  Matter,  under  Act  of  Congress  of  July  16,  189  4. 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 

University  of  Illinois- Urbana-Champaign  Alternates 


https://archive.org/details/nurseryinspectioOOharn 


« 


I 

G.  R.  HIGHTOWER..... President  of  the  College 

E.  R.  LLOYD .Director  of  Experiment  Station 

A.  B.  McKAY Horticulturist 

J.  M.  BEAL Plant  Pathologist 

R.  W.  HARNED Entomologist 


3 


Nursery  Inspection  in  Mississippi 

R.  W.  Harned. 

Mississippi  was  one  of  the  last  states  in  this  country 
to  enact  any  kind  of  a law  for  the  inspection  of  nurseries 
dr  for  the  protection  of  the  purchasers  of  fruit  trees  and 
other  plants.  As  a consequence  the  state  had  long  been  a 
“dumping  ground”  for  diseased  nursery  stock  that  could 
not  be  sold  in  other  states  where  nursery  inspection  laws 
were  in  force.  Serious  pests  became  firmly  established  in 
Mississippi  that  could  easily  have  been  kept  out  had  prop- 
er laws  been  enacted  and  money  appropriated  to  enforce 
them. 

In  1908  a nursery  inspection  law  (see  page  9)  was 
finally  placed  upon  the  statute  books.  This  law  has  helped 
slightly,  but  is  entirely  inadequate  as  no  funds  are  avail- 
able for  its  enforcement.  This  law  requires  all  nurserymen 
within  the  state  to  have  their  plants  inspected  at  least 
once  each  year  by  the  Entomologist  of  the  Experiment 
Station  or  his  assistant.  Since  1908  all  law-abiding  and 
reliable  nurserymen  within  the  state  have  had  their  trees 
and  other  plants  inspected  regularly  each  year.  This  is 
done  at  the  expense  of  the  nurserymen  who  pay  the  travel- 
ling expenses  of  the  inspectors.  The  most  unsatisfactory 
thing  about  our  law  is  that  no  money  is  available  to  in- 
spect plants  shipped  into  this  state  from  other  states  and 
from  foreign  countries.  Because  of  this  fact  there  is  con- 
stant danger  that  serious  pests  will  be  introduced,  pests 
that  may  be  even  more  serious  than  any  now  occurring  in 
Mississippi. 

Growth  of  the  Nursery  Industry  In  Mississippi 

Previous  to  1908  there  were  from  eight  to  fifteen  dif- 
ferent nurseries  in  Mississippi  that  called  upon  the  Ento- 
mologist each  year  for  an  inspection.  These  were  the 
nurseries  that  shipped  plants  into  other  states  and  found 
it  necessary  to  obtain  certificates  of  inspection  before 
their  plants  would  be  admitted  into  these  states.  Begin- 
ning with  1908  all  nurserymen  in  this  state  were  required 
by  law  to  have  their  plants  inspected.  The  following  list 


shows  that  the  number  of  nurseries  in  the  state  has  gradu- 
ally increased  from  year  to  year. 


Year  Number  of  Nurseries  Inspected 

1906- 1907  15 

1907- 1908 i £. 13 

1908- 1909  35 

1909- 1910  40 

1910- 1911  38 

1911- 1912 37 

1912- 1913 45 

1913- 1914 51 

1914- 1915 64 

1915- 1916 75 


Suggestions  to  Buyers  of  Nursery  Stock 

1.  Other  things  being  equal  it  pays  to  buy  plants  from 
nearby  nurseries. 

2.  Whenever  possible  buy  direct  from  the  nursery- 
man himself.  The  nurseryman  is  usually  a responsible 
party,  generally  a land  owner  with  a permanent  business 
which  he  is  anxious  to  develop  and  which  can  only  be  per- 
manently developed  by  building  up  a reputation  for  hon- 
esty and  by  satisfying  his  customers.  If  possible  visit 
the  nursery  and  select  the  plants  that  are  wanted.  The 
buyer  can  then  see  exactly  what  he  is  buying. 

3.  Make  sure  that  the  nursery  has  been  inspected 
within  a year  of  the  time  that  the  plants  are  purchased. 
The  inspection  certificate  is  not  an  absolute  guarantee 
that  the  plants  are  free  of  serious  pests.  It  shows  that  the 
plants  have  been  inspected  and  were  apparently  free  of 
pests  at  the  time  of  inspection.  It  is  much  safer  to  buy  in- 
spected plants  than  uninspected  plants.  Besides,  a state 
law  requires  the  nurserymen  to  have  their  plants  inspect- 
ed. The  man  who  tries  to  sell  trees  that  have  not  been  in- 
spected is  therefore  trying  to  evade  a state  law. 

4.  The  certificate  of  inspection  is  not  a testimonial. 
It  testifies  nothing  as  to  the  nurseryman’s  character,  hon- 
esty, or  reliability.  It  concerns  only  insect  pests  and  plant 
diseases. 


5 


5.  Many  people  have  the  mistaken  idea  that  there  are 
no  first-class  nurseries  in  Mississippi.  We  do  not  have  as 
many  large  nurseries  as  some  other  states  but  a visit  to 
some  of  our  nurseries  will  convince  anyone  that  as  good 
nursery  stock  is  grown  right  here  in  Mississippi  as  any- 
where. 

6.  When  plants  arrive  from  the  nursery  be  sure  that 
they  are  accompained  by  a certificate  of  inspection  for  the 
current  year.  The  plants  should  appear  to  be  in  good  con- 
dition and  the  roots  carefully  protected  from  the  air  and 
well  wrapped  with  some  moist  material.  The  care  with 
which  the  plants  are  prepared  for  shipping  is  a fair  index 
to  the  carefulness  of  the  nurseryman  who  shipped  the 
plants. 

7.  Do  not  await  the  arrival  of  the  plants  to  prepare 
for  planting.  The  holes  should  all  be  dug  and  everything 
should  be  in  readiness  to  set  out  the  plants  the  day  they 
arrive  from  the  nursery.  If  the  plants  are  allowed  to  re- 
main unplanted  for  several  days  and  to  dry  out  the  nur- 
seryman should  not  be  censured  if  the  plants  do  not  thrive. 
Examine  every  plant  carefully  and  do  not  allow  any  dis- 
eased plants  to  go  into  the  ground.  If  anything  of  a sus- 
picious looking  nature  is  found  on  a plant  it  should  be  im- 
mediately mailed  to  the  Entomologist,  Agricultural  Col- 
lege, Mississippi,  with  full  information  as  to  the  nursery 
from  which  the  plant  was  obtained. 

8.  It  is  a foolish  waste  of  money  to  plant  an  orchard 
of  any  kind  and  then  not  give  it  careful  attention.  Every 
orchard  must  be  cultivated,  fertilized,  and  sprayed  regu- 
larly if  it  is  to  be  profitable.  The  exact  practices  vary  with 
the  different  kinds  of  plants,  and  with  different  soil  and 
climatic  conditions  but  the  Horticultural  Department  of 
this  College  is  always  ready  to  assist  anyone  who  is  pre- 
paring to  plant  an  orchard  of  any  kind. 

9.  After  an  orchard  is  planted  each  tree  should  be 
most  carefully  inspected  for  insect  pests  at  least  twice 
each  year.  In  this  way  scale  insects  or  other  serious  pests 
may  be  discovered  on  one  tree  where  they  can  be  extermi- 


6 


hated  before  they  spread  to  a number  of  trees  or  over  the 
entire  orchard. 

10.  This  bulletin  contains  a list  of  the  nurseries  in  Mis- 
sissippi that  have  received  certificates  of  inspection  for 
the  season  of  1915-1916.  These  are  the  only  nurseries  in 
this  state  that  have  met  the  requirements  of  our  law  and 
can  legally  sell  nursery  plants.  If  a person  desires  to  pur- 
chase plants  he  should  if  possible  visit  some  of  these  nur- 
series. He  can  at  least  correspond  with  them.  The  list 
gives  the  chief  plants  grown  at  each  nursery.  In  many  in- 
stances the  nurseries  contain  a few  plants  of  other  kinds. 


7 


Name  Post  Office  County  Kind  of  Nursery 

Adams  & Sons Pass  Christian Harrison  Ornamental  and  greenhouse 


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Mississippi  Nursery  and  Orchard  inspection  Law 

Senate  Bill  No.  263  of  1908. 

An  Act  to  protect  Horticulture,  Fruit  Growing  and  Truck 
Gardening  and  to  exclude  crop  pests  of  all  kinds  in  the 
State  of  Mississippi. 

Section  1.  Be  it  Enacted  by  the  Legislature  of  the 
State  of  Mississippi,  That  the  Entomologist  of  the  Missis- 
sippi Experiment  Station  is  empowered  and  it  shall  be  his 
duty  to  promulgate  such  rules  and  regulations  governing 
the  examination,  certification,  sa.e,  transportation  and  in- 
troduction of  trees,  vines,  shrubs,  or  plants,  that  he  may 
deem  necessary  to  prevent  the  further  introduction,  in- 
crease and  dissemination  of  insect  pests  and  plant  dis- 
eases. 

Sec.  2.  That  it  shall  be  unlawful  to  sell,  or  open  for 
sale,  trees,  shrubs,  or  plants,  commonly  known  as  nursery 
stock,  known  to  be  infested  with  dangerous  or  injurious 
insects  or  diseases;  and  any  person  or  persons  violating 
the  provisions  of  this  Act  shall  be  deemed  guilty  of  mis- 
demeanor, and  upon  conviction,  shall  be  fined  in  a sum  not 
exceeding  one  hundred  dollars,  or  imprisoned  in  the  county 
jail  for  a period  not  exceeding  thirty  days. 

Sec.  3.  Each  and  every  person,  firm  or  corporation 
growing  nursery  stock  for  sale  in  this  state  shall  apply 
to  the  Entomologist  for  inspection  of  such  nursery  stock, 
and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Entomologist  or  his  assist- 
ant, to  inspect  such  stock  on  or  before  November  1,  of 
each  year.  If  upon  such  inspection,  the  nursery  and  prem- 
ises be  found  apparently  free  from  injurious  insects  and 
plant  diseases,  a certificate  shall  be  given  to  that  effect 
and  a fac  simile  copy  of  it  shall  be  attached  to  each  and 
every  box,  bundle  or  package  of  nursery  stock  shipped 
within  the  state.  Shipments  of  nursery  stock  not  so  labeled 
shall  be  refused  for  shipment  by  all  common  carriers  and 
their  agents  and  such  shipments  shall  be  liable  to  con- 
fiscation if  found  by  the  Entomologist. 

Sec.  4.  That  every  person,  firm  or  corporation  from 
any  other  state  wishing  to  ship  nursery  stock  into  Missis- 


10 


sippi  shall  file  a copy  of  his,  iier,  or  its  certificate  of  in- 
spection furnished  by  the  Entomologist,  or  inspector  or 
duly  authorized  official  in  which  he,  they  or  it  resides, 
with  the  Entomologist  of  Mississippi,  who  shall  state  that 
in  addition  to  inspection  t ±e  nursery  stock  has  teen  fumi- 
gated under  the  directions  of  tne  official  issuing  the  cer- 
tificate. Upon  failure  to  Comply  with  this  requirement 
any  of  said  articles  that  may  be  shipped  into  this  state 
shall  be  confiscated  or  destroyed  by  the  authority  of  said 
Entomologist. 

Sec.  5.  Every  firm,  corporation  or  agent  selling  trees 
vines,  shrubs,  or  plants,  commonly  known  as  nursery 
plants,  shall  have  a copy  of  the  certificate  described  in  sec- 
tion 4,  attached  in  a conspicuous  place  to  every  bundle, 
bale  or  package  of  such  plants  sold  or  delivered  in  this 
State. 

Sec.  6.  Transportation  companies  and  their  agents 
shall  immediately  notify  the  Entomologist  when,  by  over- 
sight or  otherwise  any  shipment  of  nursery  stock  without 
proper  certificate  attached  shall  arrive  at  any  station  or 
wharf  in  this  state  and  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Entomol- 
ogist or  his  assistant  to  investigate  and  dispose  of  such 
shipment. 

Sec.  7.  Whenever  an  orchard  of  peach,  plum-,  apple, 
or  other  fruit  trees  infested  with  San  Jose  scale,  Peach 
yellows,  black  knot,  little  peach,  or  other  injurious  insects 
or  infectious  disease  is  found  in  dangerous  proximity  to 
other  orcl  ards  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  owner  of  such  in- 
fested trees  to  take  such  steps  for  the  eradication  of  the 
insects  and  diseases  as  the  Entomologist  may  recommend 
in  accord  with  the  approved  methods  of  combatting  such 
insects  and  diseases. 

Sec.  8.  The  Entomologist  shall  have  power  and  auth- 
ority to  make  and  enforce  such  rules  and  regulations,  and 
to  do  and  perform  such  acts,  as  in  his  judgement  may  be 
necessary  to  control,  eradicate,  and  prevent  the  introduct- 
ion, spread  or  dissemination  of  the  Mexican  cotton  boll 
weevil  in  the  State. 

Sec.  9.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Entomologist  of 

11 


the  Mississippi  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  to  make 
a full  and  complete  and  itemized  biennial  report  of  all  the 
aomgs  ana  expenditures  under  the  provision  of  this  act, 
to  tne  Legislature  of  tnis  State  published  in  pamphlet 
form. 

Sec.  10.  That  this  act  take  effect  and  be  in  force 

from  and  after  its  passage. 

\ 

approved  by  the  Governor  March  19,  1908. 

Rules  and  Regulations 

Kules  and  Regulations  governing  the  sale,  transpor- 
tation and  importation  of  nursery  stock  in  the  State  of 
Mississippi  promulgated  as  required  by  Sections  1 and  2 
of  tne  Nursery  Inspection  .Law  approved  by  the  Governor 
of  Mississippi  March  x9,  19o8.  Persons  found  guilty  of 
violating  tnese  rules  ana  -regulations  will  be  liable  to  the 
penalties  as  prescribed  by  Section  2 of  the  Nursery  In- 
spection Law. 

Rule  1.  The  following  list  of  insect  pests  and  plant 
diseases  are  especially  injurious  and  nursery  stock  infest- 
ed or  infected  with  any  of  them  must  not  be  sold  in  Mis- 
sissippi. This  list  is  not  final  and  other  insect  pests  and 
plant  diseases  shall  be  added  to  it  if  there  appears  to  be 
danger  of  their  being  spread,  or  of  their  introduction  into 
this  state. 

The  gipsy  moth  (Porthetria  dispar  Linn.). 

The  brown-tail  moth  (Euproctis  chrysorrhoea  Linn.) 

The  cottony  cushion  scale  (fcerya  purchasi  Mas- 
kell.). 

The  purple  scale  (Lepidosaphes  beckii  Newm.). 

The  long  scale  (Lepidosaphes  gloverii  Pack.). 

The  oyster-shell  scale  (Lepidosaphes  ulmi  Linn.). 

The  red  orange  scale  (Chrysomphalus  aurantii  Mas- 
kell.) . 

The  citrus  white  fly  (Dialeurodes  citri  R.  & H.). 

The  woolly  white  fly  (Aleurothrixus  howardi 
Quaint. ) . 

The  Florida  red  scale  (Chrysomphalus  ficus  Ashm). 

12 


The  San  Jose’  scale  (Aspidiotus  perniciosus  Com- 
stk.) . 

The  new  peach  scale  (Aulacaspis  pentagona  Targ.). 

The  woolly  aphis  (Eriosoma  lanigera  Haus.) 

The  strawberry  root  louse  (Aphis  forbesi  Weed.). 

Black  knot  of  plum  (Plowrightia  morbosa  Schw.). 

Crown  gall  (Pseudomonas  tumefaciens.  S.  & T.). 

Citrus  canker  (Pseudomonas  citri  Hasse.). 

Rosette  of  peach  and  plum. 

Rule  2.  Each  and  every  person,  firm  and  corporation 
growing  nursery  stock  for  sale  in  this  state  shall  apply  to 
the  Entomologist  for  an  inspection  on  or  before  July  5th 
of  each  year.  If  after  inspection  by  the  Entomologist  or 
his  duly  authorized  assistant  or  deputy  the  nursery  and 
the  premises  in  proximity  thereto  are  found  apparently 
free  from  dangerously  injurious  insect  pests  and  plant  dis- 
eases a certificate  to  that  effect  shall  be  issued  providing 
the  owner,  or  manager  of  the  nursery  has  paid  his  share 
of  the  expenses  of  nursery  inspection  for  the  current  year. 
If  a person  applies  for  an  inspection  after  July  5th  he  may 
have  to  bear  the  entire  expense  in  connection  with  the  in- 
spection of  his  nursery. 

Rule  3.  All  funds  collected  from  nurserymen,  deal- 
ers, or  others  in  connection  with  the  Enforcement  of  the 
Nursery  Inspection  Law  shall  be  paid  to  the  Secretary  of 
the  Mississippi  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College.  All 
such  funds  shall  be  used  only  for  the  inspection  of  nursery 
stock,  nurseries  and  orchards  in  Mississippi  and  for  the 
payment  of  necessary  expenses  incurred  in  the  carrying 
out  of  the  Nursery  Inspection  Law. 

Rule  4.  Where  San  Jose’  scale  is  found  in  a nursery 
or  in  close  proximity  to  it,  the  certificate  of  inspection 
shall  be  withheld  until  each  tree  is  carefully  inspected  and 
all  plants  found  infested  in  the  slightest  degree  are  burned 
and  all  other  peach,  pear,  apple,  plum,  pecan  and  other  de- 
ciduous nursery  plants  growing  within  one  half  mile  are 
fumigated  with  hydrocyanic  acid  gas  under  the  direction 
of  the  Entomologist.  When  San  Jose’  scale  is  found  on 
orchard  trees  or  other  plants  in  dangerous  proximity  to 


13 


the  nursery  these  plants  shall  be  destroyed  or  otherwise 
treated,  as  directed  by  the  Entomologist,  to  Completely 
eradicate  the  San  Jose’  scale.  If  within  a reasonable  time 
the  owner  or  manager  fails  to  carry  out  fully  the  direct- 
ions of  the  Entomologist  it  shall  be  his  duty  to  cancel  the 
certificate  of  inspection  and  not  to  issue  another  until  the 
premises  appear  to  be  absolutely  free  of  San  Jose’  scale. 

Rule  5.  All  nurseries  located  outside  of  the  State  of 
Mississippi  desiring  to  ship  plants  into  this  state  must 
file  copies  of  their  certificates  of  inspection  with  the  En- 
tomologist once  each  year.  These  certificates  must  state 
that  the  nurseries  are  properly  equipped  for  fumigating 
all  plants  with  hydrocyanic  acid  gas.  The  owner  or  man- 
ager of  each  outside  nursery  must  file  a statement  that  all 
plants  shipped  into  Mississippi  will  be  properly  fumigated 
with  hydrocyanic  acid  gas.  Each  package,  box  or  bale  of 
nursery  plants  or  each  single  plant  sold  or  transported  in- 
to this  state  must  bear  a copy  of  the  certificate  of  inspect- 
ion and  also  a statement  that  the  plants  have  been  fumi- 
gated with  hydrocyanic  acid  gas. 

Rule  6.  Citrus  Plants.  All  citrus  plants  sold  or 
transported  in  this  state  must  be  completely  defoliated  in- 
cluding leaf  stems.  Care  must  be  taken  that  no  leaves 
are  left  in  the  packing  or  boxes.  This  rule  applies  to  all 
citrus  plants  whether  grown  in  this  state  or  shipped  from 
some  other  state. 

Rule  7.  Dealers  in  Nursery  Stock.  Persons  and 
firms  selling  nursery  plants  under  their  own  name  when 
these  plants  have  been  raised  by  others  are  required  to 
obtain  a Dealer’s  Certificate  unless  the  original  certificates 
of  inspection  remain  attached  to  all  boxes,  bales,  packages 
or  single  plants  sold. 

In  order  to  obtain  a Dealer’s  certificate  a person  or 
firm  must  file  an  affidavit  in  the  office  of  the  Entomol- 
ogist of  the  Mississippi  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 
giving  a complete  list  of  all  the  nurseries  from  which 
plants  have  been  obtained  or  will  be  obtained.  If  these 
nurseries  have  met  the  requirements  of  our  law  a Dealer’s 
Certificate  will  immediately  be  issued  upon  payment  of  a 


14 


fee  of  $5.00  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Mississippi  Agricul- 
tural and  Mechanical  College,  Agricultural  College  Mis- 
sissippi. 

Rule  8.  All  persons  in  Mississippi  receiving  ship- 
ments of  plants  from  foreign  countries  or  from  the  New 
England  States  shall  notify  the  Entomologist  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi Experiment  Station  immediately  upon  the  arrival 
of  these  plants,  giving  the  name  and  address  of  the  ship- 
per and  the  number  and  kinds  of  plants.  At  the  same  time 
all  boxes,  packing,  moss,  paper,  etc.,  coming  with  these 
plants  must  be  immediately  burned.  The  plants  should 
be  carefully  inspected  for  scale  insects,  eggs,  larvae,  webs, 
or  any  other  suspicious  looking  objects  or  spots.  Anything 
of  this  nature  that  is  found  should  be  mailed  immediately 
to  the  Entomologist. 

Rule  9.  This  rule  was  in  force  from  December  15, 
1914,  until  December  31,  1915.  A copy  of  it  may  be  ob- 
tained by  writing  to  the  Entomologist.  It  has  been  super- 
ceded  by  Rule  10. 

Rule  10.  To  prevent  the  further  introduction  of  citrus 
canker  into  the  state  of  Mississippi,  the  shipment  of  all 
citrus  plants  into  the  state  of  Mississippi  is  forbidden  af- 
ter January  1,  1916. 


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